Method of making proofs



May '21, 1935. R. LCWENSOHN 2,002,293

METHOD OF MAKING PROOFS Filed March 6, 1934 Patented May 21, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE METHOD OF MAKING PROOFS Rose Lowensohn, New York, N. Y. Application March 6, 1934, Serial No. 714,218 8 Claims. (01. 101211) This invention relates to printing and has particular reference to galley proofs and methods and apparatus for making the same.

One object of the invention is to provide improved proofs or printed impressions in two or more colors on one impression and improved methods and apparatus for making the same.

In cumulative publications which are published periodically, let us say monthly, and cumulated at the end of a specific term, i. e., a year, time is always at a premium. It is a compara tively simple matter to publish a monthly index whether it be to periodical literature, to books, to scientific matter or to daily newspapers. In publications such as these the type for each publication is saved by the printer. Atgiven periods during the year that type is-cumulated or combined to make one perfect alphabet out of a given number of separate alphabets by interspersing the slugs.

However, while this process of combining the type for the annual may go on progressively during the year, it is not until the twelve months are completed and the type combined that proofs of the annual are pulled and that the work of reading proof is begun. Proofs for such annuals often run into thousands of galleys, and it is this vast accumulation of work, that must be done by the editorial staff in addition to its regular monthly indexing and proof-reading, which not only makes the job a very difiicult one to handle, but also acts as a disruptive force in an otherwise smoothly running organization.

Referring specifically for example, to The New York Times Index, which is issued monthly and cumulated at the end of each year, it takes approximately two and a half to three months to read the annular proofs, and that is with the employment of four extra persons. There are between'three and four thousand galley proofs to be read.

The object of this invention is to overcome the foregoing defects and disadvantages, and particularly to advance the date of publication and to provide a better means of organizing the work which will save both labor and cost. Differently stated, the invention provides a means whereby cumulated proofs 4 may be read at. progressive stages during the year without the slightest duplication of labor.

It provides for a new method of striking proofs in more than one color so that the task ofpro0freading in cumulative printing jobs is rendered a minor matter with the result that in the printing of the publication, the difliculties outlined above are eliminated.

It will be understood that the terms proofs.

and alley roofs as used herein, may be're- 0 g p tion will become apparent as the specification garded asequivalents, within the scope of the invention, and that the term color may be used color.

with respect to any colors, degrees or shades of In other words, sincethe object of the invention is to produce a printed sheet orproof having certain indicia standing out from the rest of the proof by appearance only,-although the same type is used throughout, it is sufficient that such indicia shall have a different shade from the rest of the printed sheet, and hence color is to be considered in reference to this result, considering that even if inks of the same color be applied in the manner called. for by the invention, those indicia which are formed by types twice coated with inks will stand out darker than the remaining indicia.

In the printing of a galley proof according to my invention, the inserted items or elements are differentiated in any suitable manner as by mark or color from the items or elements previously arranged or inserted, and proof read. Inendeavoring to accomplish this result, considerable difliculty was encountered especially because the.

apparatus used for preparing the elements or galley proofs must be relatively conventional and .must not involve any material changes in construction of the apparatus, and must be rapid and reliable in practice. Accordingly my inver tion further involves the overcoming of these difficulties.

More particularly, the invention provides the improved coordination of different materials or inks, so that a galley proof shall show the inserted items in a different color, shade or appearance than the items previously set up, printed and proof read, whereby only the inserted items need be proof read, and their continuity and order with respect to the previous items simultaneously observed.

The invention further provides an improved galley proof and an improved method and apparatus for making the same. It will be understood that the steps of the method may be practiced in various orders and that certain steps may be replaced by equivalent steps, and. further that the term inks as used herein is intended to denote any writing, marking, engraving, or impressing materials, whether liquid or solid, and whether dependent on mechanical or chemical action or both, among each other or in conjunction with.

the substance or paper acted on. I

The principle of the invention comprehends the application directly to the type of inks of different v colors which inks shall not materially affect each other except that the colors may influence each proceeds.

- With the aforesaidobjects in view, the invention consists in the novel combinations and arrangements of parts hereinafter described in their preferred embodiments, pointed out in the subjoined claims, and illustrated in the annexed drawing, wherein like parts are designated by the same reference characters throughout the several views.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic fragmentary plan view of a galley proof to which the invention relates.

Fig. 2 is-a similar plan view of a succeeding galley proof embodying the invention.

Fig. 3 is a similar plan view of a next succeeding galley proof embodying the invention and whereby the process is illustrated.

The advantages of the invention as here outlined are best realized when all of its features are combined and practiced together, but, useful results may be produced embodying less than the whole.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which the invention appertains, that the samemay be incorporated in several different constructions. The accompanying drawing, therefore, is submitted merely as showing the preferred exemplification of the invention. Generally described the invention provides a method of print- 4 ing whereby one section of a type set-up is inked with a relatively slow drying tacky ink, preferably of one color, then the entire type set-up inked with a relatively quick drying less tacky ink, preferably of a different color, and finally the printing operation performed, with the indicia formed by said section appearing of a distinguished shade or color.

Referring in detail to the drawing, I0 denotes a member such as a galley proof to which the invention relates. The same includes different elements or records, such as H, I2 and I3 successively arranged thereon according to a predetermined'order, which may, for example, be alphabetical. It is noted that each element or record is separate of the others in the sense that each is printed or shown on its individual portion or lines of the means I9. Desirably each record hegins at a prearranged part or margins I3, of the galley proof, and in general a suitable order is observed. 4

The member I6 may include or be a part of a compilation, which may cover, for instance, a certain period of time; the latter may be illustratively taken as including the first three months of a year. This compilation I0 may be proof read as soon as prepared, and errors in the type corrected.

The member or means I6 may be in the nature of a galley proof embodying the invention and including elements or records for a succeeding section or period of time as well as those of the preceding galley proof II]. Thus the galley proof I6 comprises all matter or items for the first six months of the year, arranged in the predetermined order and along the margins I4 and I5. For instance, the items II, I2, I3 are carried over in exactly the same form and according to the same general arrangement as in member III, but between the items II and I2, there now appears an element or item I1, which transpired in the succeeding quarterly period. Likewise, the item I2 is now enlarged by an addition or insertion I8, which records an occurrence of the second quarterly period of the year, and which relates to and is a continuation of the item I2. The insertion I9 in proper alphabetical order is also noted.

It will be particularly observed that the insertions II, I8 and I9 are suitably differentiated in appearance with respect to the items II, I2 and I3 carried over from the preceding galley proof.

While the difference in appearance is generally such as will distinguish the insertions, it is preferred that the insertions appear in a different shade or color. Thus the insertions may appear red, and somewhat heavier than the items II, l2, I3, the latter appearing in green. In other words, the slow drying ink is preferably of the darker shade. Any desired color combination or indicating means may be employed, it being understood that the more pronounced the difference in colors, the more distinct the difference in appearance between indicia. Colors are chosen so as to minimize fatigue on the eyes of the proof reader. In the drawing, the light lines may denote a color green for the corresponding indicia, in this case M, I2 and I3, and the heavy lines may indicate acolor red for the insertions I'I, I8 and I9.

It will be noted that each line has only one color, and that the galley proof has desirably only two colors, and that each item begins at a margin of the galley proof. This applies in the case of linotype work, but need not occur in monotype printing.

In proof reading the member I6, the insertions I1, I 8 and I 9 stand out and can be readily discerned and proof read, at the same time that their relations to the items I I, I2 and I 3 can be checked, the latter beingimportant especially in the 'case of an insertion at I8 which is a continuation of the item I2. The items II, I2 and I3 have been previously proof read on the member ID, and need not again be checked.

Similar members or galley proofs may be prepared for the third and fourth quarters of the year, it being suflicient here to describe the galley proof 20-for the third quarter, which is based on the same principle as the galley proof I6. The items such as II, I! and I2 carried over from the galley proof I6, now appear uniformly in green, while the insertions 2I and 22, of events of the third quarter, appear in red. Item 2 I. is a continuation of item II, and item 22 is an insertion in proper order. The same applies to all other items and insertions. To proof read the galley proof .20, it is merely necessary to proof read the insertions 2| and 22 and the like.

The method of practicing the invention and of making the galley proofs will now be described in certain other particular aspects thereof. In printing the member III, if the same be made by printing, slugs are prepared according to the usual fusible metal type printing, although the invention can also be used for monotype printing. These slugs may be used in printing the subsequent galley proofs. For printing the galley proof I 6, slugs or auxiliary type set up are prepared as above mentioned for the insertions or new items I'I, I8, and I9, and set up in a tray. These slugs may be inked in any suitable manner as with a slow drying ink which may be red; this ink can be readily applied with a small hand roller. Then these slugs are inserted among the first slugs or main'type set up in the proper order and arrangement, in a proving press, and a suitableink, preferably quick drying, and of a different color, or green, is applied to all of the slugs or types, with the usual inking roller of the press. Finally, the galley proof I6 is printed with the results hereinbefore described. Likewise, in making the galley proof 20, the inserted slugs have is to afford sufficient the slow drying ink thereon, all of the slugs or types then having the quick drying ink uniformly applied thereto, and the galley proof printed.

The object of using an initial slow drying ink time for inserting the new type slugs, without having the ink initially used prematurely harden; desirably this ink is also of greater tackiness than the quick drying ink. When the quick drying ink of a different color is applied to all the type slugs," the color of the indicia produced by the new type slugs is intermediate of the colors of the two inks, and may not be a true red, but will be suificiently different from the color produced by the quickdrying ink to fulfill the purposes intended herein.

Desirably the slow dryingink may be such as to require approximately 24 hours to harden. when the quick drying ink is superimposed on the slow drying ink, the former may blur very slightly without mixing with the latter. Moreover, the slow drying ink has preferably a greater tackiness than the quick drying ink; and it is further preferred that the light colored ink shall be superimposed on the dark ink. The quick drying ink may be an ink of normal tackiness or pulling quality, while the slow drying ink may be an ink having a greater tackiness or pulling quality, than the quick drying ink.

Withinthe principle of the invention any inks having different characteristics or different consistencies may be employed. The degree to which the slow drying ink is different depends upon the time element required for inserting the new types into the original set up to provide the enlarged set up, and if such time element could be materially reduced, a slow drying ink would be unnecessary. However, a primary advantage of the invention is that a conventional proof-press and the usual slugs may be used, all according to a simple and convenient method. By this invention the duplication of work in proof reading is avoided, and all the objects herein referred to are fulfilled.

As a further example for the practice of the invention, instead of depending on a difference in the tackiness of the two inks to keep the second color from lifting the first color off the type, the two inks may be of such nature that they are immiscible with one another. The relative tackiness of such inks is immaterial.

I claim:

.1. The method of printing, including arranging type in separate sections, inking the type of one section with a tacky ink, coordinating said sec tions to produce a type set up for unitary printing, inking the type of said set up with a less tacky ink, the inks being coordinated to cause indicia having different colors of 1 the different sections, and finally printing with the type of said set up, as set forth.

2. The method of making proofs including setting up type in different separate sections, inking the type of one section with a relatively slow drying ink, coordinating said sections for simultaneous inking and inking of the type of both sections with a relatively quick drying ink, said inks being coordinated so as to cause indicia printed by one section to have a different color from indicia printed by another section, and finally printing said indicia with said type, as set. forth.

3. The method of making proofs, including proto be printed by the type typ viding a main type set up, and an auxiliary type set up for changes or insertions in the main type set up, inking the auxiliary type setup with a tacky relatively slow drying ink, arranging the different type set ups to produce a final single type set up, inking all the type of the final type set up with a less tacky relatively quick drying ink, the inks being coordinated so that indicia printed by the type of the original auxiliary set up shall have a different color than that of the remaining indicia, and finally printing with the type of the said final type set up to produce said indicia, as set forth.

4. The method of p ting including providing a main type set up and a'separate auxiliary type set up, inking the auxiliary type set up with one ink and inserting the type among the type of the main set up, then inking all the type with a different ink such that indicia printed by the type of the auiliary set up have a different shade than the remaining indicia, and finally printin with all of said type as set .forth.

5. The method of making proofs in which only changes or insertions need be proof read, including setting up sections of type, applying an ink of one color to one section of the type, one section representing the changes or insertions, applying a second ink of a different color to all the type of said sections, with the inks coordinated for the p ting of a proof by said sections showing in different colors legends corresponding to the changes or insertions as compared with the mainbody of the proof, and finally printing with the sections in a single impression, asset forth.

6. The method of printing which includes the steps of setting up tim applying inks of different colors directly to the type with one portion of the type bearing a coating of one ink only and another portion of type bearing coatings of both said first named ink and another ink with the lighter colored ink superposed on the darker colored ink, the inks being co-ordinated to produce contrasting color printing from the portions of the type bearing the single coating and two coatings respectively, and finally printing with said type in a single impression to produce indicia of different colors.

'7. The method of printing including applying different inks directly to type which consists in inking one portion of the type with a relatively slow drying ink ofone color and one degree of tackiness, inking the whole type set up with a relatively quick drying ink of a different color and lesser degree of tackiness and finally printing in a single operation to produce contrastin color printing from the different portions of the 8. The method of printing which includes the steps of preparing a p ting surface, applying an ink to a portion of said surface, applying another ink to the entire surface with the latter ink in superposed relation with the first ink on the surface bearing the first ink, the inks being coordinated to cause the superposed coatings thereof to print in a color contrasting with that from the second mentioned ink alone, and finally printing with said surface in a single impression to produce contrasting color printing from the different ortions of the printin surface.

ROSE mwnnsonn. 

